为提升接近采空区公路隧道施工的安全性，该文采用有限差分数值分析方法，以具体工程项目为例，依据位移、应力及塑性区等指标，探讨了隧道下穿含水采空区的施工安全性问题，并分析了在特定水压力条件下的施工安全距离。研究表明:随着含水采空区与隧道开挖面距离的增加，位移和主应力逐渐降低，对隧道施工安全的影响相应减弱，当施工距离超过1.4D时，采空区的影响可忽略;综合分析位移、主应力及塑性区等指标，得出含水采空区与隧道顶部之间的合理施工安全距离为1.2D。

To enhance the safety of highway tunnel construction near goaf areas,a finite difference numerical analysis method is employed,with a specific engineering project as a case study. The study investigates the construction safety issues of tunnels underpassing water-bearing goaf areas based on indicators such as displacement,stress,and plastic zones. Additionally,the safe construction distance under specific water pressure conditions is analyzed. The findings indicate that as the distance between the water-bearing goaf area and the tunnel excavation faces increase,displacement and principal stress gradually decrease,thereby reducing the impact on tunnel construction safety. When the construction distance exceeds 1. 4D,the influence of the goaf area can be considered negligible. A comprehensive analysis of displacement,principal stress,and plastic zones has determined that the reasonable safe construction distance between the water-filled goaf area and the tunnel crown is 1. 2D.